免費開源 Blazor 線上 Ico 轉換工具,不儲存原始檔及轉換後檔案,下載完成即刪除,請放心使用。
行文目錄
-
- 功能展示
-
- 實作說明
- 2.1 其他圖片上傳
- 2.2 核心程式碼:其他圖片轉 Ico
- 2.3 轉換後的 Ico 檔案下載
-
- 總結
1. 功能展示
倉庫位址:IcoTool
線上展示位址:https://tool.dotnet9.com/ico
展示檔案上傳、轉換結果:

透過該工具及程式碼,能了解到:
- 使用 Blazor 如何上傳檔案到伺服器 (Blazor Server)。
- 如何從伺服器下載檔案。
- 如何將 png 等圖片轉換為 Ico 圖片。
下面對該工具的實作程式碼做個簡單說明,不清楚的可以留言交流。
2. 實作說明
2.1 其他圖片上傳
使用的 MASA Blazor 上傳元件 MFileInput,看下面的程式碼,就一個上傳元件加上傳時檔案儲存操作,程式碼檔案:IcoTool.razor
<MFileInput TValue="IBrowserFile"
Placeholder="@T("IcoToolMFileInputPlaceholder")"
Rules="_rules"
ShowSize
OnChange="@LoadFile"
Accept="image/png, image/jpeg, image/jpg, image/bmp"
Label="@T("IcoToolMFileInputLabel")">
</MFileInput>
@code {
private readonly List<Func<IBrowserFile, StringBoolean>> _rules = new();
private bool _loading;
private IBrowserFile? _sourceBrowserFile;
[Inject]
public I18n I18N { get; set; } = default!;
[Inject]
public IJSRuntime Js { get; set; } = default!;
protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
{
_rules.Add(value => value == null || value.Size < 2 * 1024 * 1024 ? true : T("IcoToolFileSizeLimitMessage"));
await base.OnInitializedAsync();
}
private void LoadFile(IBrowserFile? e)
{
_sourceBrowserFile = e;
}
}
上面的程式碼,看 LoadFile(IBrowserFile? e) 方法,選擇檔案時只儲存 IBrowserFile 參考,選擇後隨即顯示「立即轉換並下載 Icon」按鈕,程式碼如下:
@if (_sourceBrowserFile != null) {
<MButton
class="ma-2 white--text"
Loading="_loading"
Disabled="_loading"
Depressed
Color="primary"
OnClick="@ConvertAndDownloadIcon"
>
<LoaderContent>
<span>@T("IcoToolMButtonLoaderContent")</span>
</LoaderContent>
<ChildContent>
<span>@T("IcoToolMButtonChildContent")</span>
</ChildContent>
</MButton>
}
此時,原始檔並未做上傳操作,使用者還可以重新選擇,點擊「立即轉換並下載 Icon」按鈕才會執行圖示轉換和下載操作,下面會說明。
2.2 核心程式碼:其他圖片轉 Ico
參考程式碼:https://gist.github.com/darkfall/1656050
因為使用到 Bitmap,vs 會提示只支援 Windows 平台(注意重點:只是該套件 System.Drawing.Common 不支援跨平台,不是 .NET 6 不支援跨平台,.NET 6 支援跨平台。),目前工具程式也部署在 Windows Server 2019 伺服器上,如果有其他轉換程式碼,支援跨平台歡迎技術討論,下面給出我使用的其他圖片轉 Ico 的程式碼,程式碼路徑在:ImagingHelper.cs
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
namespace Dotnet9.Tools.Images;
/// <summary>
/// Adapted from this gist: https://gist.github.com/darkfall/1656050
/// Provides helper methods for imaging
/// </summary>
public static class ImagingHelper
{
public const string FileheadBmp = "6677";
public const string FileheadJpg = "255216";
public const string FileheadPng = "13780";
public const string FileheadGif = "7173";
private static readonly Dictionary<ImageType, string> ImageTypeHead = new()
{
{ ImageType.Bmp, FileheadBmp },
{ ImageType.Jpg, FileheadJpg },
{ ImageType.Png, FileheadPng },
{ ImageType.Gif, FileheadGif }
};
public static bool IsPicture(string filePath, out string fileHead)
{
fileHead = string.Empty;
try
{
var fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
var reader = new BinaryReader(fs);
var fileClass = $"{reader.ReadByte().ToString()}{reader.ReadByte().ToString()}";
reader.Close();
fs.Close();
if (fileClass is not (FileheadBmp or FileheadJpg or FileheadPng or FileheadGif))
return false;
fileHead = fileClass;
return true;
}
catch
{
return false;
}
}
public static bool IsPictureType(string filePath, ImageType imageType)
{
var isPicture = IsPicture(filePath, out var fileHead);
if (!isPicture) return false;
return ImageTypeHead[imageType] == fileHead;
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts a PNG image to a icon (ico) with all the sizes windows likes
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputBitmap">The input bitmap</param>
/// <param name="output">The output stream</param>
/// <returns>Wether or not the icon was succesfully generated</returns>
public static bool ConvertToIcon(Bitmap inputBitmap, Stream output)
{
var sizes = new[] { 256, 48, 32, 16 };
// Generate bitmaps for all the sizes and toss them in streams
var imageStreams = new List<MemoryStream>();
foreach (var size in sizes)
{
var newBitmap = ResizeImage(inputBitmap, size, size);
var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
newBitmap.Save(memoryStream, ImageFormat.Png);
imageStreams.Add(memoryStream);
}
var iconWriter = new BinaryWriter(output);
var offset = 0;
// 0-1 reserved, 0
iconWriter.Write((byte)0);
iconWriter.Write((byte)0);
// 2-3 image type, 1 = icon, 2 = cursor
iconWriter.Write((short)1);
// 4-5 number of images
iconWriter.Write((short)sizes.Length);
offset += 6 + 16 * sizes.Length;
for (var i = 0; i < sizes.Length; i++)
{
// image entry 1
// 0 image width
iconWriter.Write((byte)sizes[i]);
// 1 image height
iconWriter.Write((byte)sizes[i]);
// 2 number of colors
iconWriter.Write((byte)0);
// 3 reserved
iconWriter.Write((byte)0);
// 4-5 color planes
iconWriter.Write((short)0);
// 6-7 bits per pixel
iconWriter.Write((short)32);
// 8-11 size of image data
iconWriter.Write((int)imageStreams[i].Length);
// 12-15 offset of image data
iconWriter.Write(offset);
offset += (int)imageStreams[i].Length;
}
for (var i = 0; i < sizes.Length; i++)
{
// write image data
// png data must contain the whole png data file
iconWriter.Write(imageStreams[i].ToArray());
imageStreams[i].Close();
}
iconWriter.Flush();
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts a PNG image to a icon (ico)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input">The input stream</param>
/// <param name="output">The output stream</param
/// <returns>Wether or not the icon was succesfully generated</returns>
public static bool ConvertToIcon(Stream input, Stream output)
{
var inputBitmap = (Bitmap)Image.FromStream(input);
return ConvertToIcon(inputBitmap, output);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts a PNG image to a icon (ico)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputPath">The input path</param>
/// <param name="outputPath">The output path</param>
/// <returns>Wether or not the icon was succesfully generated</returns>
public static bool ConvertToIcon(string inputPath, string outputPath)
{
using var inputStream = new FileStream(inputPath, FileMode.Open);
using var outputStream = new FileStream(outputPath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
return ConvertToIcon(inputStream, outputStream);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts an image to a icon (ico)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputImage">The input image</param>
/// <param name="outputPath">The output path</param>
/// <returns>Wether or not the icon was succesfully generated</returns>
public static bool ConvertToIcon(Image inputImage, string outputPath)
{
using var outputStream = new FileStream(outputPath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
return ConvertToIcon(new Bitmap(inputImage), outputStream);
}
/// <summary>
/// Resize the image to the specified width and height.
/// Found on stackoverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1922040/resize-an-image-c-sharp
/// </summary>
/// <param name="image">The image to resize.</param>
/// <param name="width">The width to resize to.</param>
/// <param name="height">The height to resize to.</param>
/// <returns>The resized image.</returns>
public static Bitmap ResizeImage(Image image, int width, int height)
{
var destRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height);
var destImage = new Bitmap(width, height);
destImage.SetResolution(image.HorizontalResolution, image.VerticalResolution);
using var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(destImage);
graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
graphics.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
using var wrapMode = new ImageAttributes();
wrapMode.SetWrapMode(WrapMode.TileFlipXY);
graphics.DrawImage(image, destRect, 0, 0, image.Width, image.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, wrapMode);
return destImage;
}
}
public enum ImageType
{
Bmp,
Jpg,
Png,
Gif
}
簡單的單元測試還是要有的,程式碼見:ImageHelperTests.cs
using Dotnet9.Tools.Images;
namespace Dotnet9.Tools.Tests.Images;
public class ImageHelperTests
{
[Fact]
public void IsPicture()
{
var testFilePath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "logo.png");
Assert.True(File.Exists(testFilePath));
var isPicture = ImagingHelper.IsPicture(testFilePath, out var typename);
Assert.True(isPicture);
}
[Fact]
public void IsNotPicture()
{
var testFilePath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "test.txt");
Assert.True(File.Exists(testFilePath));
var isPicture = ImagingHelper.IsPicture(testFilePath, out var typename);
Assert.False(isPicture);
}
[Fact]
public void IsPngFile()
{
var testFilePath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "logo.png");
Assert.True(File.Exists(testFilePath));
var isPng = ImagingHelper.IsPictureType(testFilePath, ImageType.Png);
Assert.True(isPng);
}
[Fact]
public void ShouldConvertPngToIcon()
{
var sourcePng = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "logo.png");
var destIco = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "logo.ico");
Assert.True(File.Exists(sourcePng));
Assert.False(File.Exists(destIco));
ImagingHelper.ConvertToIcon(sourcePng, destIco);
Assert.True(File.Exists(destIco));
File.Delete(destIco);
}
}
使用者確認選擇好檔案後,點擊前面提過的按鈕「立即轉換並下載 Icon」執行轉換的方法 ConvertAndDownloadIcon(),程式碼檔案:IcoTool.razor
@code { private async Task ConvertAndDownloadIcon() { if (_sourceBrowserFile ==
null) return; _loading = true; var tempSourcePath = Path.GetTempFileName(); var
tempDestPath = Path.GetTempFileName(); try { var fileName =
$"{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(_sourceBrowserFile.Name)}.ico"; await
UploadFile(tempSourcePath); ImagingHelper.ConvertToIcon(tempSourcePath,
tempDestPath); await DownloadFile(tempDestPath, fileName); } finally {
DeleteFile(tempSourcePath); DeleteFile(tempDestPath); _loading = false; } }
private async Task UploadFile(string saveFilePath) { await using var
sourceFileStream = new FileStream(saveFilePath, FileMode.Create); await
_sourceBrowserFile!.OpenReadStream().CopyToAsync(sourceFileStream); } private
async Task DownloadFile(string fromFilePath, string saveFileName) { await using
var destFileStream = new FileStream(fromFilePath, FileMode.Open); using var
streamRef = new DotNetStreamReference(destFileStream); await
Js.InvokeVoidAsync("downloadFileFromStream", saveFileName, streamRef); } private
void DeleteFile(string filePath) { try { if (File.Exists(filePath))
File.Delete(filePath); } catch { // ignored } } }
轉換和下載過程中會暫時儲存上傳的原始檔和轉換的 Icon 檔案,下載完成後會立即刪除這兩個檔案,請放心使用。
2.3 轉換後的 Ico 檔案下載
檔案轉換成功後,如何提供下載呢?
起初想使用一個 <a href="/files/xxx.ico" target="_blank">xxx.ico</a> 標籤提供瀏覽下載的,但動態產生的圖片無法存取,不知道什麼原因,只能暫時採用一個折衷的方式,有朋友有好的想法歡迎留言。
目前採用的是提供按鈕下載,下面是封裝的 js 下載方法,來自微軟的文件:ASP.NET Core Blazor file downloads
我把 JS 程式碼放 _Layout.cshtml:
<script>
// 省略部分程式碼
async function downloadFileFromStream(fileName, contentStreamReference) {
const arrayBuffer = await contentStreamReference.arrayBuffer();
const blob = new Blob([arrayBuffer]);
const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
triggerFileDownload(fileName, url);
URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
function triggerFileDownload(fileName, url) {
const anchorElement = document.createElement('a');
anchorElement.href = url;
if (fileName) {
anchorElement.download = fileName;
}
anchorElement.click();
anchorElement.remove();
}
</script>
頁面下載時使用上面貼過的方法 DownloadFile(string fromFilePath, string saveFileName),這裡不再貼程式碼。
下載檔案使用到 JS 互操作(什麼是 JS 互操作?可以參考我轉載的這篇文章了解 (14/30)大家一起學 Blazor:JavaScript interop(互操作))
3. 總結
- Blazor 元件庫使用的 MASA Blazor,很美觀大方的
Material Design設計風格。 - Ico 轉換,使用到了
System.Drawing.Common套件的Bitmap,.NET 6 開始不支援跨平台,提示只支援Windows平台,重點:只是該套件System.Drawing.Common不支援跨平台,不是 .NET 6 不支援跨平台,.NET 6 支援跨平台。 - 本工具使用 7.0.100-preview.1 開發、編譯、上線,使用 .NET 6 的同學,請放心使用,可以無縫升級。
Dotnet9工具箱會不斷添加新的免費、開源、線上工具,歡迎 star 支持,有什麼需求我會考慮加上,倉庫位址:Dotnet9.Tools,可提交 issue、網站留言、微信公眾號 (dotnet9) 聯絡等等。
本工具原始碼:IcoTool
介紹文章:Blazor 線上 Ico 轉換工具
線上展示位址:https://tool.dotnet9.com/ico