Hello everyone, I am a wolf at the end of the desert. Seeing the screenshot of the good news sent by big boss Gui Suwei in the circle of friends, the webmaster quickly translated the good news to everyone and confirmed that-C#is the programming language of 2023!
For the first time in the history of the TIOBE Index, C#won the Programming Language of the Year award. Congratulations! C#, which has been in the top 10 for more than two decades, is now catching up with the four major languages, winning the well-deserved award with its largest increase in a year (+1.43%). This was followed by Scratch (+0.83%) and Fortran (+0.64%). C#is eating away at Java's market share and is becoming increasingly popular in areas such as web application backend and games (thanks to Unity). C#can be used for free (webmaster's note: . NET is open source under the MIT protocol, free cross-platform, Xinchuang has no problem) and develops at a stable rate, making the language more expressive in every new version. C#will continue to exist and may even surpass Java soon.
In addition to C#, there have been many interesting changes in the TIOBE index over the past year. Fortran and Kotlin became permanent players in the top 20, displacing long-time favorites R and Perl. Fortran is well suited to working with numbers using excellent libraries and remains a darling of universities in many areas. Kotlin is an easy-to-learn/write competitor to Java. An interesting question is: Which languages will be in the top 20 of the TIOBE index in 2024? This is difficult to predict. Julia briefly touched the TIOBE index in 2023, but failed to maintain that position. The maturity of Julia's language and community requires a second chance. I would put my bets on Dart (with Flutter) and TypeScript. The latter is already heavily used in industry, but for some reason it has not yet exceeded the TIOBE index. Let's see what's in 2024. - -Paul Jansen, CEO of TIOBE Software
The TIOBE Programming Community Index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated monthly. Ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers, courses and third-party suppliers worldwide. Companies such as Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Popular search engines such as Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate ratings. It's worth noting that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language that writes the most lines of code.
该指数可用于检查您的编程技能是否仍然是最新的，或者就构建新软件系统时应采用哪种编程语言做出战略决策。TIOBE 指数的定义可以在这里找到。
| January 2024 | January 2023 | change | Programming language Logo | programming language | rating | change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |  |
Python | 13.97% | -2.39% | |
| 2 | 2 |  |
C | 11.44% | -4.81% | |
| 3 | 3 |  |
C++ | 9.96% | -2.95% | |
| 4 | 4 |  |
Java | 7.87% | -4.34% | |
| 5 | 5 |  |
C# | 7.16% | +1.43% | |
| 6 | 7 |  |
 |
JavaScript | 2.77% | -0.11% |
| 7 | 10 | |
 |
PHP | 1.79% | +0.40% |
| 8 | 6 |  |
 |
Visual Basic | 1.60% | -3.04% |
| 9 | 8 | |
 |
SQL | 1.46% | -1.04% |
| 10 | 20 |  |
 |
Scratch | 1.44% | +0.86% |
| 11 | 12 | |
 |
Go | 1.38% | +0.23% |
| 12 | 27 | |
 |
Fortran | 1.09% | +0.64% |
| 13 | 17 | |
 |
Delphi/Object Pascal | 1.09% | +0.36% |
| 14 | 15 | |
 |
MATLAB | 0.97% | +0.06% |
| 15 | 9 |  |
 |
Assembly language | 0.92% | -0.68% |
| 16 | 11 | |
 |
Swift | 0.89% | -0.31% |
| 17 | 25 | |
 |
Kotlin | 0.85% | +0.37% |
| 18 | 16 | |
 |
Ruby | 0.80% | +0.01% |
| 19 | 18 | |
 |
Rust | 0.79% | +0.18% |
| 20 | 31 | |
 |
COBOL | 0.78% | +0.45% |
other programming languages
下面是完整的前 50 名编程语言列表。此概述是非官方发布的，因为可能存在我们错过的语言。如果您觉得缺少某种编程语言，请通知我们 tpci@tiobe.com。另请查看我们监视的所有编程语言的概述。
| ranking | programming language | rating |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | D | 0.77% |
| 22 | F# | 0.77% |
| 23 | R | 0.74% |
| 24 | SAS | 0.70% |
| 25 | (Visual) FoxPro | 0.67% |
| 26 | Ada | 0.62% |
| 27 | Classic Visual Basic | 0.60% |
| 28 | Prolog | 0.56% |
| 29 | VBScript | 0.55% |
| 30 | Perl | 0.52% |
| 31 | Objective-C | 0.46% |
| 32 | Dart | 0.43% |
| 33 | Julia | 0.40% |
| 34 | X++ | 0.39% |
| 35 | TypeScript | 0.39% |
| 36 | Lua | 0.37% |
| 37 | Scala | 0.34% |
| 38 | GAMS | 0.33% |
| 39 | Transact-SQL | 0.30% |
| 40 | Logo | 0.30% |
| 41 | ABAP | 0.29% |
| 42 | Lisp | 0.28% |
| 43 | CFML | 0.28% |
| 44 | Haskell | 0.28% |
| 45 | PL/SQL | 0.27% |
| 46 | Awk | 0.27% |
| 47 | Eiffel | 0.24% |
| 48 | Smalltalk | 0.23% |
| 49 | ML | 0.23% |
| 50 | ActionScript | 0.23% |
The next 50 programming languages
The following list represents the 51st to 100th languages. Due to the relatively small differences, programming languages are listed in alphabetical order only.
- Algol、AutoLISP、Avenue、Bash、bc、Boo、CIL、CL （OS/400）、CLIPS、Clojure、CLU、Curl、DiBOL、Erlang、Forth、Hack、Icon、Io、J、J#、JScript、LabVIEW、Ladder Logic、Lingo、LiveCode、M4、Maple、MQL5、NATURAL、Nim、OpenEdge ABL、PL/I、PostScript、PowerShell、Pure Data、Q、Racket、REXX、Ring、RPG、Scheme、Snap！、Solidity、SPARK、SPSS、Squirrel、Stata、Wolfram、Xojo、XQuery
fairly long historical
To get a bigger picture, look up below for the top 10 programming languages over the years. Please note that these are averages.
| programming language | 2024 | 2019 | 2014 | 2009 | 2004 | 1999 | 1994 | 1989 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Python | 1 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 11 | 22 | 22 | - |
| C | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| C++ | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Java | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 | - | - |
| C# | 5 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 32 | - | - |
| JavaScript | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 21 | - | - |
| Visual Basic | 7 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| PHP | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | - | - | - |
| SQL | 9 | 9 | - | - | 7 | - | - | - |
| Assembly language | 10 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Objective-C | 27 | 11 | 3 | 42 | 48 | - | - | - |
| Lisp | 30 | 28 | 14 | 17 | 15 | 10 | 7 | 2 |
| (Visual) Basic | - | - | 7 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
Here are two important comments:
- There are differences between "Visual Basic" and "(Visual) Basic" in the above table. Until 2010,"(Visual) Basic" referred to all possible sublanguages of Basic, including Visual Basic. After some discussion, it was decided to split "(Visual) Basic" into all sublanguages, such as Visual Basic. NET, Classic Visual Basic, PureBasic, and Small Basic, to name just a few. Since Visual Basic. NET has become the primary implementation of Visual Basic, it is now called "Visual Basic".
- In 2018, after someone pointed out that SQL was Turing complete, the programming language SQL was added to the TIOBE index. So although the language is very ancient, it has a short history in the index.
Programming Languages Hall of Fame
As shown below, the Hall of Fame lists all "Programming Language of the Year" award winners. The award is awarded to the programming language with the highest increase in ratings in a year.
| year | Programming Language Winners of the Year |
|---|---|
| 2023 |  C# |
| 2022 | C++ |
| 2021 | Python |
| 2020 | Python |
| 2019 | C |
| 2018 | Python |
| 2017 | C |
| 2016 | Go |
| 2015 | Java |
| 2014 | JavaScript |
| 2013 | Transact-SQL |
| 2012 | Objective-C |
| 2011 | Objective-C |
| 2010 | Python |
| 2009 | Go |
| 2008 | C |
| 2007 | Python |
| 2006 | Ruby |
| 2005 | Java |
| 2004 | PHP |
| 2003 | C++ |
感谢桂素伟大佬朋友圈相告，这是原文链接：TIOBE 指数，由沙漠尽头的狼提供翻译，大家可以欢呼了！